HARNESSING THE POTENTIAL OF ASTAXANTHIN FROM Haematococcus pluvialis IN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34310/bp77ad50Abstract
Astaxanthin merupakan karotenoid bernilai tinggi dengan berbagai aplikasi, salah satunya dalam bidang ilmu biomedis. Haematococcus pluvialis dianggap sebagai sumber astaxanthin alami yang paling menjanjikan karena dapat mengakumulasi hingga 5% dari berat keringnya dalam kondisi yang penuh tekanan. Potensi aplikasi astaxanthin dalam biomedis sangat luas. Dari efek neuroprotektif hingga sifat antikanker dan manfaat kardiovaskularnya, astaxanthin telah menunjukkan janji dalam mengatasi beberapa tantangan kesehatan yang paling mendesak. Selain itu, sifat antiinflamasinya dan kemampuannya untuk memodulasi berbagai jalur pensinyalan semakin menggarisbawahi potensinya sebagai agen terapeutik. Tinjauan naratif ini memberikan sintesis komprehensif dari penelitian terkini tentang astaxanthin, merinci sifat biologisnya, tantangan budidaya, dan aplikasi terapeutik yang luas. Wawasan utama meliputi efek neuroprotektif, antiinflamasi, antikanker, dan kardioprotektifnya, yang didukung oleh struktur molekulnya yang unik dan sifat amfifiliknya. Dengan mengevaluasi secara kritis kemajuan terkini dalam teknik budidaya, ekstraksi, dan formulasi, tinjauan ini mengidentifikasi keterbatasan saat ini dan menguraikan berbagai kemungkinan untuk penelitian di masa mendatang. Secara keseluruhan, astaxanthin merupakan agen multifaset dengan potensi klinis yang signifikan, yang memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengoptimalkan bioavailabilitas dan kemanjuran terapeutiknya..
Kata kunci: Astaxanthin; Haematococcus pluvialis; Antioksidan; Aplikasi biomedis
ABSTRACT
Astaxanthin is a high-value carotenoid with various applications, one of which is in biomedical science. Haematococcus pluvialis is considered the most promising source of natural astaxanthin as it can accumulate up to 5% of its dry weight under stressful conditions. The potential applications of astaxanthin in biomedicine are vast. From its neuroprotective effects to its anticancer properties and cardiovascular benefits, astaxanthin has shown promise in addressing some of the most pressing health challenges. Moreover, its anti-inflammatory properties and ability to modulate various signaling pathways further underscore its potential as a therapeutic agent. This narrative review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current research on astaxanthin, detailing its biological properties, cultivation challenges, and wide-ranging therapeutic applications. Key insights include its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and cardioprotective effects, underpinned by its unique molecular structure and amphiphilic nature. By critically evaluating recent advancements in cultivation, extraction, and formulation techniques, this review identifies current limitations and outlines potential avenues for future research. Overall, astaxanthin represents a multifaceted agent with significant clinical potential, warranting further studies to optimize its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
Keywords: Astaxanthin; Haematococcus pluvialis; Antioxidant; Biomedical applications
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