Characterization of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Bone Collagen Extracted Using Ethanol as a Solvent
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34310/jbsh.v2.i2.230Keywords:
Collagen; Skipjack Tuna Bone; Ethanol Extraction; FTIR Spectroscopy; YieldAbstract
Background: Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) bone, an abundant fishery byproduct in Indonesia, contains protein and collagen with potential as an alternative collagen source for pharmaceutical and cosmetic use. Ethanol extraction is comparatively simple and more environmentally friendly than acid- or enzyme-based methods. Objective: This study aimed to determine the yield and physicochemical characteristics of collagen extracted from skipjack tuna bone using ethanol. Methods: Bone powder was macerated in 95% ethanol (1:10) for 72 hours, with solvent replacement every 24 hours, followed by concentration using a rotary evaporator. Yield, moisture, and ash content were determined gravimetrically; functional groups were identified by FTIR; protein content was measured by the Lowry method using a BSA standard curve. Results: Extraction yield was 9.76%, moisture content 1.01%, and ash content 0.036% — all within the gelatin quality reference SNI 8076:2014 (maximum moisture 16%; maximum ash 3.25%), used as a benchmark given the absence of a dedicated fish-bone collagen standard. FTIR spectra showed absorption bands for NH (3458.37, 3010.88 cm⁻¹), CH (2854.65, 2226.01 cm⁻¹), C=O (1743.65 cm⁻¹), and C-N (1462.04 cm⁻¹) groups, consistent with collagen structure and indicating the product had not been denatured into gelatin. The BSA standard curve showed a low coefficient of determination (R² = 0.518), so the sample's protein content could not be reliably determined from this curve. Conclusion: Ethanol extraction of skipjack tuna bone yielded a physicochemical profile meeting the available gelatin quality reference, with FTIR groups consistent with collagen structure. Protein quantification requires an improved calibration curve in future work.
Downloads
References
Astiana, I., Nurjanah, N., & Nurhayati, T. (2016). Characterization of acid soluble collagen from redbelly yellowtail fusilier fish skin (Caesio cuning). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 19(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.2016.19.1.79
Evayana, E., & Aminah, S. (2022). Determination of total levels of white turmeric flavonoids (Curcuma zedoria Rosc.) with variation of solvent types. Media Eksakta, 18(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.22487/me.v18i1.995
Gustini, N., Hapsari, Y., Syahputra, G., & Rosyidah, A. (2022). Profil asam amino kolagen larut asam teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra). Prosiding Sains Nasional dan Teknologi, 12(1), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.36499/psnst.v12i1.7094
Kumoro, A. C., Wardhani, D. H., Kusworo, T. D., Djaeni, M., Ping, T. C., & Fajar Azis, Y. M. (2022). Fish protein concentrate for human consumption: A review of its preparation by solvent extraction methods and potential for food applications. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 67(1), 42–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2022.04.003
Lahagu, O., Breemer, R., & Palijama, S. (2023). The effect of concentration of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) powder and drying time on the chemical characteristics of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) tortilla chips. Jurnal Agrosilvopasture-Tech, 2(1), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.30598/j.agrosilvopasture-tech.2023.2.1.54
Maharani Putri, N. N. F., Salampessy, R. B., & Sayuti, M. (2023). Karakteristik mutu, rantai dingin, rendemen dan produktivitas pengolahan tuna (Thunnus sp.) cube beku di CV. Satu Tuna Nusantara, Denpasar-Bali. Buletin Jalanidhitah Sarva Jivitam, 5(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.15578/bjsj.v5i1.12142
Mberato, S. P., Rumengan, I. F. M., Warouw, V., Wulur, S., Rumampuk, N. D. T., Undap, S. L., Suptijah, P., & Luntungan, A. H. (2020). Penentuan struktur molekul kolagen sisik ikan kakatua (Scarus sp) berdasarkan serapan molekul terhadap gelombang FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis). Jurnal Pesisir dan Laut Tropis, 8(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.35800/jplt.8.1.2020.27285
Mulyani, S., Hintono, A., Adefatma, N. R., & Pahlawan, I. F. (2021). Ekstraksi kolagen dari kulit kerbau menggunakan asam asetat. Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik, 37(2), 51. https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7025
Nurfitriyani, A., Triyastuti, M. S., Shitophyta, L. M., Wahidi, B. R., & Mukhaimin, I. (2024). Perhitungan kadar air, rendemen dan uji organoleptik pada ikan asin. Media Teknologi Hasil Perikanan, 12(1), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.35800/mthp.12.1.2024.53300
Puspitasari, D., & Saryanti, D. (2024). Preparation and characterization of nano collagen from bone and skin of Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) potentially as cosmetic raw material. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 11(2), 140–147. https://doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v11i2.38842
Rahantan, M., Lalopua, V. M. N., & Savitri, I. K. E. (2024). Karakteristik mutu kolagen dari limbah produksi tuna loin (Quality characteristic of collagen extracted from tuna loin production waste). Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan, 10(2), 234–243. https://doi.org/10.30598/biopendixvol10issue2page234-243
Rahmawan Kusa, S., Silvana Naiu, A., & Yusuf, N. (2022). Karakteristik kolagen kulit tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) pada waktu hidro-ekstraksi berbeda dan potensinya dalam bentuk sediaan nanokolagen. Media Teknologi Hasil Perikanan, 10(2), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.35800/mthp.10.2.2022.41716
Sembiring, T. E. S., Reo, A. R., Onibala, H., Montolalu, R. I., Taher, N., Mentang, F., & Damongilala, L. J. (2020). Ekstraksi kolagen tulang ikan tuna (Thunnus sp) dengan asam klorida. Media Teknologi Hasil Perikanan, 8(3), 107–110. https://doi.org/10.35800/mthp.8.3.2020.29573
Umar, M. T., Safruddin, & Zainuddin, M. (2019). Potential utilization of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in Bone Bay. Torani: Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science, 2(2), 58–68. https://doi.org/10.35911/torani.v2i2.7053
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Wa Melati, Miladiarsi, Juniati binti Lukman (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright in their work. Articles published in the Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health (JBSH) are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. This license permits sharing and adaptation, including commercial reuse, provided appropriate credit is given, a link to the license is provided, and any changes are indicated. License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
